TOLES ADVANCED EXAM

This level aims at candidates who ideally have already had some experience of authentic legal English documents in their workplace.
We recommend that candidates should be at least at the FCE (B2+), advanced (C1) or proficiency (C2) level of general English to enroll on a course in our LEC training centre in Poznan.

About the TOLES Advanced exam

  • suitable for upper-intermediate /advanced legal English students
  • 120-minute online exam
  • Part One has 6 sections on the use of legal English terminology
  • Part Two has 6 sections on understanding and accuracy of contractual provisions
  • there are 140 questions to complete in total
  • the maximum score is 100
  • focuses heavily on legal collocations and grammar accuracy
  • requires the practical skills of contract drafting
  • tests the knowledge and understanding of the plain English style of writing, formal and informal English used in a workplace
  • requires no extensive knowledge of British or American law
  • candidates should show a strong awareness of commercial realities and knowledge of current events in the international legal market

The following areas are given priority:

  • commercial contracts

  • banking

  • companies

  • bankruptcy and insolvency

  • the litigation process

  • essential contract law

  • the law of tort

  • intellectual property

  • real estate

  • oral contracts

  • an introduction to the common law

  • employment law and contracts

  • letter writing skills

Before you start any preparation, make sure you know the format of the exam:

  1. the number of exercises
  2. what you are expected to do in each
  3. the time allowed.

Sample Test – types of exercises

All of the examples are presented for illustration purposes only. At the exam the Sections are much longer.

Section One (open cloze multiple choice)

You need to read a text describing a legal issue. There are ten words missing. For each gap you need to choose the best words from 4 provided.

A losing defendant will be ordered ‘not to infringe’, in other words, to cease all activity connected with the patented products or processes. The defendant in such a situation will also be required to (1)…… most of the claimant’s costs.

A)  carry          B)  bear          C)  indure          D)  sustain

Answer: B

Handy tips:

When preparing for this part of the exam make sure you know your phrases well and no synonym or close synonym can distract or confuse you. The missing word is most frequently part of a fixed phrase and may not be replaced with any other.

Section Two (open cloze multiple choice)

There are 20 separate sentences with one gap. You need to choose a missing word from a set of 5 given.

The act of publishing information about someone which is not true and which damages that person’s reputation
is known as (1)……. .

A)  defamation   B) slander    C)  accusation    D)  fraud    E)  libellous

Answer: A

Handy tips:

In this task you are tested on a wide range of vocabulary from different legal areas. You must be absolutely certain of which words go together.

Section Three (open cloze)

There are 10 separate sentences with prepositions missing. For each gap you suggest a proper preposition. Two points are awarded for each correct answer.

This Agreement will be construed in accordance (1)…… the laws of England and Wales.

Answer: with

Handy tips:

In this task you need to show that you know how to use prepositions correctly. Most often they are inseparably connected with the collocation.

Section Four (multiple choice)

There is an email with 20 words and phrases missing. For each gap you need to choose a correct answer out of four.

I would like to invite you to a seminar on new (1)…… for the late filing of accounts.

A)  punishment    B)  penalty    C)  fines    D)  damages

Answer: C

Handy tips:

This is another multiple choice exercise. However, apart from legal phrases you need to know your business correspondence expressions and practical grammar well.

Section Five (word formation)

There is a summary of a case study. There are 10 words which you need to transform into a correct word. Two points are awarded for each correct answer.

A consumer who suffers personal (1) INJURED or loss as a result of consuming a product may bring a claim in tort.

Answer: injury

Handy tips:

The word formation exercise was also in the previous version of the exam.
Generally, Polish candidates have no problems with this task. Make sure that you know very well what part of speech your missing word should be.

Section Six (self-correction test)

There are 10 sentences, each divided into three sections. One of the sections contains a mistake. You must mark the section of each sentence which contains the mistake.

Each of the Parties shall take such steps as lay within his or her power to procure that the Company reimburses the Parties in respect of all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by them respectively in connection with the preparation of this agreement.

Which section contains one mistake?

1. Each of the Parties shall take such steps as lay within his or her power to procure

2. that the Company reimburses the Parties in respect of all reasonable costs and expenses incurred

3. by them respectively in connection with the preparation of this agreement.

Answer: 1

Handy tips:

This is a new type of exercise. There may be a spelling mistake, a wrong preposition or an incorrect word used, e.g. general one instead of legal English. You must mark the incorrect part of a sentence without correcting it.

PART TWO – NEW

This is a new part of the exam paper which is exclusively devoted to the knowledge and proper use of legal phrases in contracts.

Section Seven (multiple choice)

There is an extract from a contract with 10 missing parts. You must choose the correct part from a list of four provided. You are awarded two points for each correct answer.

The advances will be unsecured and so long as any part of them is outstanding the Company will not (1)…… of the Parties create or agree to create or suffer to exist any mortgage charge or other encumbrance over any of its assets.

A without writing approval

B without written agreement

C without the written consent

D without the consent in writing

Answer: C

Handy tips:

This is a standard multiple choice exercise. When learning for the exam, make sure that you memorise your collocations with the tiniest details. The phrases missing are typically used in the contractual provisions, so the more you read, the better you complete this task.

Section Eight (multiple choice – definitions)

There is an extract from a contract with ten underlined words or phrases. You need to match 10 definitions provided to one of the underlined words in the contract. You are awarded two points for each correct answer.

This agreement may be executed in one or more parts by the parties on separate counterpart copies each of which when duly executed by either party shall be an original but all executed counterpart copies shall together when delivered constitute one agreement. This agreement shall not be completed until such time as each party has received counterpart copies validly executed by the other party and the date in the United States upon which both parties receive validly executed copies shall be the date of this agreement.

Which word can be defined as follows?
“signed”

Answer: executed

Handy tips:

This task is relatively easy for the candidates at this level. The most important is to know the exact meanings of the phrases used in contracts. Then notice which part of speech is defined in the exam task, i.e. a verb, an adjective or a noun.

Section Nine (open cloze text)

There is an extract from a contract. There are 10 words missing. For each gap you need to suggest a correct word.

If the Buyer fails to make any payment on time, the Seller must send a (1)…… of Default before seeking any remedy.

Answer: Notice

Handy tips:

Once again you need to know which words are used in contracts. They always come in fixed phrases called collocations.

Section Ten (multiple choice - prepositions)

There is an extract from a contract with 5 missing prepositions. You need to choose the correct preposition out of 10 provided to complete each gap.
Note: this is a shorter version of the exercise for illustration purposes.

Title (1)…… the Products shall only pass (2)…… the Distributor when payment has been received (3)…… the Company (4)…… the manner stipulated in paragraph 4 herein.

Which prepositions is suitable for gap (1)?

A)  to   B)  by    C)  in    D)  with    E)  on    F)  off    G)  of    H)  out    I)  toward    J)  away

Answer: A

Handy tips:

This task is similar to Section Nine. This time the missing word is a preposition, however always also part of a longer phrase.

Section Eleven (self-correction test)

There are 10 sentences from contractual provisions, each divided into three sections. You must choose the section of each sentence which contains the mistake.

Each party to this Agreement shall bear the costs and expenses incured by it in relation to the negotiation, drafting and execution of the Agreement.

Which section contains one mistake?
1. Each party to this Agreement shall bear the costs
2. and expenses incured by it in relation to
3. the negotiation, drafting and execution of the Agreement.

Answer: 2

Handy tips:

This task is similar to Section Six. This is a new type of exercise. However, this time the sentences with a mistake come from contractual provisions. There may be a spelling mistake, a wrong preposition or an incorrect word used, e.g. general one instead of a legal English one. You must mark the incorrect part of a sentence without correcting it.

Section Twelve (multiple choice)

There are three clauses from the same contract, each with missing 5 parts. You must choose the correct parts from a list of 3 provided to complete the clauses. You are awarded two points for each correct answer.

This agreement is the whole agreement between the parties and (1)……, understandings and commitments between the parties.

A replaces any prior written and oral agreements
B supersedes all prior written and oral agreements
C suspends all prior written and oral arrangements

Answer: B

Handy tips:

The last task is once again a multiple choice exercise. There are longer parts of sentences missing in contractual clauses. The most crucial thing is to pay attention to the context and what distinguishes the three given choices. It may be one verb, noun or an article used or its absence. The more agreements you read, the faster you start to notice such tiny details.